abstract：:The thermoacidophile crenarchaeote Sulfolobus ssp. is one of the best-studied Archaea. Cryptic and conjugative plasmids as well as viruses have been described for this genus. For the majority of the genetic elements only the genome sequence and the basic characteristics were determined. In contrast the fusellovirus SS...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lipps G

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A limited number of bacteria, yeast and fungi can convert hemicellulose or its monomers (xylose, arabinose, mannose and galactose) into ethanol with a satisfactory yield and productivity. In the present study we tested a number of thermophilic enrichment cultures, and new isolates of thermophilic anaerobic bacterial s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sommer P,Georgieva T,Ahring BK

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of the BCR (B cell antigen receptor) stimulates the production of both PtdIns(3,4,5) P3 and Ins(1,4,5) P3. PtdIns(3,4,5) P3 and Ins(1,4,5) P3 are generated from a common substrate, PtdIns(4,5) P2. In some systems, continuous PtdIns(4,5) P2 synthesis is necessary for maximal Ins(1,4,5) P3 production, but whe...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Carpenter CL

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the roles of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10)/PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) signalling pathway in vivo, we have generated a series of mutant mice with null or tissue-specific gene-targeted deletions of Pten. Here we present our investigations of Pten function in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Suzuki A,Sasaki T,Mak TW,Nakano T

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemical, biophysical and biological studies of oligonucleotides containing lesions at defined sites provide a molecular basis for the effects of DNA lesions. dG (deoxyguanosine) is the most easily oxidized of the four native nucleotides. The chemical reactivity of dG correlates with compilations of mutations, whic...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Greenberg MM

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation and dyslipidaemia both play important roles in the development of glomerular atherosclerosis in renal diseases. We have demonstrated that inflammatory mediators induced Scr (scavenger receptor) expression and the formation of foam cells, and that AP-1 (activator protein 1)/ets were necessary transcription...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ruan XZ,Moorhead JF,Fernando R,Wheeler DC,Powis SH,Varghese Z

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated serum chemokines for their suitability as markers of atherosclerosis development in apoE (apolipoprotein E)-deficient ((-/-)) mice. Female C3H apoE(-/-) and C57BL apoE(-/-) mice were fed on either diet W (Western diet; 6 weeks) or normal rodent diet (12 weeks). Serum lipids (0, 6 and 12 weeks) and...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Parkin SL,Pritchett JP,Grimsditch DC,Bruckdorfer KR,Sahota PK,Lloyd A,Overend P,Benson GM

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PPARdelta (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta)-specific agonists decrease plasma lipids and insulinaemia in obese animals. As skeletal muscle is one of the major organs for fatty acid catabolism, we have investigated the roles of the nuclear receptor in the control of muscle development and lipid metabol...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Grimaldi PA

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The central role of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor A) in angiogenesis is dependent upon its ability to co-ordinately regulate multiple endothelial functions. The multifunctionality of VEGF at the cellular level results from its ability to initiate a diverse, complex and integrated network of signalling pathw...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Zachary I

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of complexes between growth factor receptors and members of a family of G-protein-coupled receptors whose natural ligands are S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) and LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) represents a new signalling entity. This receptor complex allows for integrated signalling in response to growth fact...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pyne NJ,Waters C,Moughal NA,Sambi BS,Pyne S

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diet can significantly influence exercise performance. Diet alone will not ensure successful performance in sport, but it plays a permissive role in allowing sustained intensive training with limited risk of illness and injury. Diet may also promote adaptations to training by stimulating synthesis and breakdown of the...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Maughan RJ

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally taken as an established fact that mitochondrial respiration is associated with the generation of small amounts of ROS (reactive oxygen species). There are many arguments supporting this side activity. A major argument is the particular physico-chemical configuration of dioxygen, which prevents the tran...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Nohl H,Kozlov AV,Gille L,Staniek K

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glyoxalase I is part of the glyoxalase system present in the cytosol of cells. The glyoxalase system catalyses the conversion of reactive, acyclic alpha-oxoaldehydes into the corresponding alpha-hydroxyacids. Glyoxalase I catalyses the isomerization of the hemithioacetal, formed spontaneously from alpha-oxoaldehyde an...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Thornalley PJ

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glyoxals are reactive alpha-oxoaldehydes that are formed endogenously from sugars, the levels of which are increased in various pathological conditions associated with hyperglycaemia and thiamine deficiency. However, the molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of glyoxal are not known. Results presented here and in the other s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shangari N,Bruce WR,Poon R,O'Brien PJ

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNase A (1 mM) was incubated with glucose (0.4 M) at 37 degrees C for up to 14 days in phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.4), digested with trypsin and analysed by LC-MS. The major sites of fructoselysine formation were Lys(1), Lys(7), Lys(37) and Lys(41). Three of these sites (Lys(7), Lys(37) and Lys(41)) were also the ma...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cotham WE,Hinton DJ,Metz TO,Brock JW,Thorpe SR,Baynes JW,Ames JM

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have been analysing the signalling systems that couple to receptors of the TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) family, which signal through a common cytoplasm region; the TIR domain. These systems are of both practical and fundamental biological significance, being central to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dower SK,Qwarnstrom EE

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this work we present a probabilistic model to estimate summaries of Affymetrix GeneChip probe level data. Comparisons with two different models were made both on a publicly available dataset and on a study performed in our laboratory, showing that our model performs better for consistency of fold change. ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Milo M,Fazeli A,Niranjan M,Lawrence ND

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:[Ca(2+)](i) (intracellular Ca(2+) concentration) oscillations play a central role in the activation of T-lymphocytes by antigen. Oscillations in T-cells are absolutely dependent on Ca(2+) influx through store-operated CRAC channels (Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) channels), and evidence suggests that they arise from ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lewis RS

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The control of the intracellular localization of NCS (neuronal calcium sensor) proteins is of importance for their ability to respond appropriately to differing calcium signals. We examine the localization of three NCS proteins: NCS-1, KChIP-1 (potassium-channel-interacting protein 1) and hippocalcin. Additionally, th...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： O'Callaghan DW,Burgoyne RD

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the progress of a personal endeavour to develop chromatography as a quantitative procedure for the determination of reaction stoichiometries and equilibrium constants governing protein interactions. As well as affording insight into an aspect of chromatography with which many protein chemists are ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Winzor DJ

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipoprotein oxidation is thought to play a pivotal role in the evolution of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main source of oxidized lipid in the arterial wall. Oxidation of LDL alters its properties in a number of ways, making it more atherogenic, but oxidation of other lipoprotein classes may al...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Young IS,McFarlane C,McEneny J

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our first experience of mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-replacement therapy was with a patient experiencing recurrent erythema multiforme associated with reactivation of herpes simplex virus; his erythematous eruptions could be controlled with infusions of fresh frozen plasma containing MBL, but not with plasma lacking MB...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Valdimarsson H

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PLUNC (palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone) is a small, secreted protein that is expressed in the oropharynx and upper airways of humans, mice and rats. We have described a family of at least 14 PLUNC genes localized on chromosome 20 (in humans), 2 (in mice) or 3 (in rats). These rapidly evolving proteins are stru...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bingle CD,Craven CJ

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) were labelled in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells expressing fluorescent chimaeric 'cargo' proteins that were targeted to these secretory vesicles. When the cells were stimulated with nicotine 48 h after transduction, the fractional loss of fluorescent LDCVs was much greater t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wiegand UK,Duncan RR,Greaves J,Chow RH,Shipston MJ,Apps DK

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified three groups of growth-constraint genes using mosaic genetic screens in Drosophila melanogaster, including PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes, Tsc1 and Tsc2. Our studies show that all three groups of genes participate in m...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Potter CJ,Pedraza LG,Huang H,Xu T

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD spectroscopy is an established and valuable technique for examining protein structure, dynamics and folding. Because of its ability to sensitively detect conformational changes, it has important potential for drug discovery, enabling screening for ligand and drug binding, and detection of potential candidates for n...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wallace BA,Janes RW

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of the DNA-replication machinery of Archaea have revealed striking similarities to that of eukaryotes. Indeed, it appears that in most cases Archaea possess a simplified version of the eukaryotic replication apparatus. Studies of Archaea are therefore shedding light on the fundamental processes of DNA replicat...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dionne I,Robinson NP,McGeoch AT,Marsh VL,Reddish A,Bell SD

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein L is a multidomain cell-wall protein isolated from Peptostreptococcus magnus. It belongs to a group of proteins that contain repeated domains that are able to bind to Igs without stimulating an immune response, the most characterized of this group being Protein A ( Staphylococcus aureus ) and Protein G ( Strep...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Housden NG,Harrison S,Roberts SE,Beckingham JA,Graille M,Stura E,Gore MG

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMG-CoAR), and are utilized to decrease levels of atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with, or who are at high risk of, cardiovascular disease. This study describes the inhibition of a recombinant, catalytic fragment of human HMG-CoAR b...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Holdgate GA,Ward WH,McTaggart F

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human heparan sulphate N-deacetylase/N-sulphotransferase 1 sulphates the NH(3) (+) group of the glucosamine moiety of the heparan chain in heparan sulphate/heparin biosynthesis. An open cleft that runs perpendicular to the sulphate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate may constitute the acceptor substrate-bind...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kakuta Y,Li L,Pedersen LC,Pedersen LG,Negishi M

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The driving force of the cell cycle is the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Key steps in the regulation of the cell cycle therefore must impinge upon the activities of the CDKs. CDKs exert their functions when bound to cyclins that are expressed cyclically during the cell cycle. Polyamine biosynthesis va...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Oredsson SM

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular, biochemical and genetic characterization of ornithine decarboxylase, S -adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase establishes that these polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes are essential for growth and survival of the agents that cause African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis and ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Heby O,Roberts SC,Ullman B

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the Gompertz formula accurately describes observed mortality distributions over most of their extent, their 'tail' is much longer than that of a Gompertz curve fitted to the whole data set. A simple candidate explanation is that the longest-lived subset of any population will necessarily be enriched in indivi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： de Grey AD

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To maintain genomic stability, despite constant exposure to agents that damage DNA, eukaryotic cells have developed elaborate and highly conserved pathways of DNA damage sensing, signalling and repair. In this review, we concentrate mainly on what we know about DNA damage sensing with particular reference to Lcd1p, a ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bradbury JM,Jackson SP

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting of protein kinases and phosphatases to the cytoskeleton enhances the regulation of many signalling events. Cytoskeletal signalling complexes facilitate this process by optimizing the relay of messages from membrane receptors to specific sites on the actin cytoskeleton. These signals influence fundamental cel...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Scott JD

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The olfactory system is unique in that the sensory input is in the form of molecular information carried in a vast variety of odorants. Nearly 1000 types of odorant receptors mediate the initial detection and discrimination of odorants at the molecular-feature level. The discrimination at the molecular level is conver...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mori K

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1) protein kinase, a yeast homologue of mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase, plays a main role in transcriptional activation and repression of gene expression. In addition, Snf1 kinase has a broad role in the cellular response to several forms of stress, such as nutrient limitation, sal...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sanz P

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the primary functions of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is to regulate the metabolic pathways in response to reduced cellular energy charge. Most of the known targets of the kinase are cytoplasmic enzymes involved in both catabolic and anabolic metabolism. In addition, activation of AMPK in many cells resu...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Leff T

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important signalling enzymes in most cell types. Recent gene targeting studies have shed light on the importance of this family of lipid kinases in the immune system, and the complex mechanisms by which these kinases are regulated in vivo. We have recently reported a phenotype of...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Okkenhaug K,Vanhaesebroeck B

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanical function and the collagen phenotype of the disc are complex, each a hybrid of elements of ligament and cartilage. In detail, the collagen properties are unique. Collagens I and II provide the bulk of the tissue fabric interwoven in opposing radial concentration gradients. From analysis of isolated cross...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Eyre DR,Matsui Y,Wu JJ

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00